Paper-making machine



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' G. FERGUSON.

. PAPER MAKING MACHINE. 110.657. 1.74. Patented Feb. 8, 1887.

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G. FERGUSON.

PAPER-MAKING MACHINE,

Patented Feb. 8, 1887. 1

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PAPER-MAKING MACHINE SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 357,474, dated February 8, 1887.

Application filed June 1, 1886. Serial No. 203,689. (No model.)

To all whom; it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE FERGUSON, a resident of the city of Troy, in the county of Rensselaer and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Paper-Making Machines; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, that will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Similar letters refer to similar parts in the several figures therein.

My invention relates to improvements in presses for paper-making machines; and it consists in the novel construction and combination of parts described in the following specification, and pointed out in the claims.

The objects of my invention are fully set forth in connection with the following description.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a plan view of my improved device, showinga portion of the pulp-carrying belt and pulp thereon, also a portion of the pressed pulp or partly man ufactured paper on its way to the driers, (not shown.) Fig. 2 is an end elevation of same, with the gearing broken away to show the rolls.

Heretofore the pulp employed in making paper has been fed upon the carrying belt or felt, between a'single pair of press-ro1ls,which pressed out a portion of the liquid and caused the fibrous particles to adhere to each other and to the upper roll, until, after leaving the belt, it was delivered from the contact-roll to another pair of press-rolls and more liquid pressed out, after which it was delivered to the driers to be dried. It was necessary to give the pulp sufficient pressure between the first pair of rolls to causethe particles to adhere to each other sufficiently to be delivered in an unbroken sheet therefrom; but the greatest care was necessary to separate the sheet from the contact-roll without break or injury, it frequently being necessary, and the practice to wind the roll with expensive fabric, which required frequent renewal, and-an attendant was constantly required to assist in separating the sheet from the roll. Any attempt to strengthen the sheet by increasing the press ure resulted in displacing the pulp, producing water-lines, and destroying the uniformity of the sheet.

I have ascertained that by employing two or more smaller .rolls beneath the belt, arranged to successively press the pulp against a single larger roll, I am able to subject the pulp to successive compressions without distnrbing its contact with the upper and larger roll. and by means of the pressure of the successive roll or rolls the sheet is so strengthened when it passes from thelast small roll as to permit of its forcible removal from the contactroll without danger of break or injury.

The greatly-increased strength of the sheet permits of the use of a baremetallic roll directlyin contact with the pulp, thus avoiding the expense of winding it with fabric. The services of an attendant to separate the sheet from the roll may be dispensed with, an ordinary scraper or doctor being found sufficient. The second pair of press-rolls ordinarily employed may also be dispensed with,

as the sheet is sufficiently compressed when leaving the last small roll to go direct to the driers.

The bed-plate A is provided with the uprights 1? I, which support the press-rolls B and O. The lower roll finds a bearing upon the journal-box P, between the uprights, and the upper larger roll rests upon the lower roll, or any'substance interposed between the rolls, as the belt E and pulp D. Pressure is given the rolls by means of levr J fnlcrumed at J (shown by dotted lines) and connected by link J with the bar J, which is attached to the movable box L, bearing upon the upright side of the journal of the roll B.

The belt E carries the pulp D between the rolls and returns around the roll F. The pulp passes between the rolls under pressure, which causes it to adhere tenaciously to its contactroll B, and without disturbing its contact with the roll it passes onto the succeeding smaller roll, 0, where it is again subjected to pressure induced and regulated by means of the links d (I, attached at their lower ends to the movable box b, which forms a bearing for the journal of roll 0, their upper threaded ends passing through the yoke g, which is supported by the box a, bearing upon the journal of roll B,

too 1 through the intervening springs t i. The two rolls are drawn together by means of the adjusting-nuts ff, fitting the threaded ends of the links, and bearing upon the yoke g or intervening washers, as shown. After leaving the last small prcss-roll the sheet D advances with the periphery of the contactroll until it reaches the small roll G, over which it is delivered in the direction of the drying-cylinders or such other point as may be desired.

Just back of the roll G, I place a scraper or doctor, H, attached to rod I, pivoted at each end in an arm, I, attached to one of the uprights. The blade of the scraper rests upon the surface of the larger roll, and if the sheet adheres to the larger roll too tightly at any point to be easily removed by the roll it will advance to the scraper and be removed thereby. The scraper also serves to remove ac cumulations of foreign substances, if any, upon the roll.

The upwardly-projecting back H serves to prevent any substance removed from the roll by the scraper from falling upon the pulp beneath as it advances to the rolls.

\Vithout the scraper it would be impossible to make use of a bare press-roll, as the gradual accumulation of material upon the surface of the roll would cause the sheet to adhere so firmly as to render its removal in a perfect or useful condition impossible, and without the auxiliary pressroll, such as I have described, to strengthen the sheet it would be impossible in the manufacture of thin wrapping-paper to make any use of a scraper in removing the sheet from the roll.

The tender and plastic condition of the sheet after passing through only one set of press-rolls rendered it impossible to make any use of a scraper in removing the sheet from the roll; but the combined use of the auxiliary roll or rolls and scraper enables me to use a barepress-roll in the manufacture of the cheapest grades of wrapping-paper, thus dispensing with the expensive covering before referred to.

I am aware that auxiliary rolls have been employed in making up paper-board by adding successive layers of pulp upon a pressroll, one of the auxiliary rolls serving to wet the layer last previously laid upon the press roll and the other to press out the water; but the rolls were brought in contact with the press-roll above its lowest point and on that side of it from which the pulp advances, the

object being to cause the water to well up.

Such a form of construction is not adapted to the manufacture of single-layer paper, and I do not claim the same.

The welling up of the water which is partly absorbed by the previous layers accumulated on the press-roll in making straw-beard would destroy the sheet in making asingle-layer paper..

I have ascertained by experiment that to successfully manufacture paper the lower press roll or rolls must occupy a position relatively to the upper roll, such that a straight line drawn from the axle of one roll to that of the other will be vertical,or will intersect the surface-lines of the upper roll on that side opposite to the side from which the pulp approaches.

If a roll were placed on the side from which the pulp approaches, the water would well up, as before described, and would form water-lines even in heavy paper, which would render it comparatively useless, and in the lighter and cheaper grades of paper the pulp would be partially floated in places, and the paper sheet would be very uneven in thickness and strength,- as well as appearance.

When desired, the upper roll can be covercd with fabric and the scraper dispensed with, in which case my improved arrangement of press-rolls will strengthen the sheet and assist in drying it.

In making straw-board the sheets entirely surround the upper press roll, being deposited thereon in successive layers, where they remain until the operation is completed and the board wholly formed; but in the manufacture of paper the sheet is not allowed to surround the upper roll or accumulate thereon, but is delivered therefrom in a continuous sheet; and my object is to so strengthen the sheet by successive compressions as to permit of its successful removal and delivery without tearing the sheet.

The roll S, supported by the uprights S, serves to prevent the weighted belt from dropping too low on its way to the rolls. vious that three smaller rolls may be employed in connection with one large roll, when desired. I have shown in part a third roll by dotted lines in Fig. 2. When desired, two sets of rolls may be employed, each set having a larger and two or more smaller rolls, the sheet being run through both sets.

I prefer to make the smaller rolls about onehalf the diameter of the larger roll; but no exact proportion is necessary. Ordinarily the frictional contact of the rolls upon the belt and sheet will be sufficient to rotate all rolls; but when desired the rolls may be geared together, as shown, the wheel B being fixed upon the journal at of roll B, wheel R upon journal m of roll 0. and wheel It upon journal m of roll 0. The respective journals are provided with the retaining-flanges n. A crossbar or roller, t, may be employed to assist in delivering the sheet from the press.

I do not wish to be limited to any particular means of connecting the auxiliary pressrolls to the upper press-roll, as any of the well-known methods of connecting press-rolls may be successfully employed.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a press for paper-making machines, the combination, with an upper pressure-roll, of two relatively smaller rolls, 0 0, one, 0, having its axis in a perpendicular plane with the upper roll, and the other, 0, with its axis ICO It is obin rear of and between the horizontal planes 3. The combination of abare metallic press- 10 of the rolls B O, as shown, and for the vpurr011, aseraper, and one-or more auxiliaryrolls,

pose set forth. arranged as shown and described. 7 2. The combination, with the rolls B O, of 1 In testimony whereof I have hereunto set the end-threaded links 01 d, movable box I), I my hand this 21st day of May, 1886.

with hearing for roll 0, the nuts f, the yoke GEORGE FERGUSON.

g, and the box a, bearing upon the journal of roll B, whereby the rolls B C may be drawn together, as set forth.

Witnesses:

GEO. A. MosHER, CHAS. L. ALDEN. 

